Profesor Jaroslav Blahoš a slovenská osteológiaLaudations

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 48

Profesor Jaroslav Blahoš, jak jsem ho znalLaudations

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 49-52

Calcitonin: hormone into oblivionReview articles

Broulík Petr

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 53-56

Calcitonin is 32-aminoacids polypeptide whose primary function is to inhibit osteoclasts activated bone resorption. In mammals is secreted in the thyroid gland specialized cells called C cells which have embrygenic origin in ultimobranchial bodies. C cells are about 0.1 % of the mass of thyroid gland. To achieve hypocalcemic effect is necessary all 32 aminoacids. Calcitonin is released from thyroid gland first of all by calcium and magnesium. Calcitonin is decreasing bone resorption which can demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Calcitonin has been used to treat osteoporosis and algodystrophic syndrome. It had a lot of studies with good results on bone...

Cushing's syndrome, glucocorticoids and boneReview articles

Kršek Michal

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 57-61

Cushing's syndrome, both endogenous and exogenous (iatrogenic), is associated with a decrease of bone mass called as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Among factors playing role in its pathogenesis are: inhibition of bone formation and stimulation of osteoresorption, disturbed bone remodelation, disturbed calcium-phosphate metabolism with negative calcium balance and also disturbed vitamin D metabolism. Prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis consists of identification of subjects at increased risk of fractures and introducing measures leading to its decrease. Therapy includes non-pharmacological measures and sufficient intake of calcium...

Can affecting of subchondral bone slow the progression of osteoarthritis?Review articles

Pavelka Karel

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 62-67

In the introduction, the author briefly discusses the problem of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and the identification of potential targets for therapeutic intervention, including the affecting of subchondral bone. The next section presents the methodology for evaluating the structural progression of OA. Primarily the methodology for standardization of the classical X-ray photographs is discussed, as well as the possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging. The following section focuses on the therapy of OA and the division into the symptomatic and the structure modifying treatments. Also new therapeutic approaches are described which are divided...

Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: causal or symptomatic?Review articles

Štěpán Jan

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 69-73

The severity of the health and socio-economic consequences of osteoporosis in women and in men increases with increasing life expectancy and the ageing of the population. The potential to reduce these risks is with causal measures. Syndrome of osteoporosis represents clinical manifestation of aging (involutional osteoporosis) and chronic diseases (secondary osteoporosis). In subjects with involutional bone loss, the physical activity and low inflammatory index diet appears an effective causal measure in the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures. In secondary osteoporosis, an effective first-line option is treatment of the underlying disease; during...

Current opinion on premenopausal osteoporosisReview articles

Payer Juraj; Smaha Juraj; Kužma Martin; Jackuliak Peter; Killinger Zdenko

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 75-81

In contrast to postmenopausal subjects, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in young women remain poorly defined. A low bone mineral density in premenopausal women is not associated with the same risk of fractures as in postmenopausal women, therefore diagnosis requires not only densitometry but depends on the consideration of other risk factors. Most cases of premenopausal osteoporosis are associated with chronic diseases known to affect bone metabolism. Treatment of the underlying disease may improve bone density as well as bone quality. Rarely, a bone-specific therapy may be used, although quality evidence is scarce. This article will review...

Extraskeletal risk factors for fractures in older ageReview articles

Jenšovský Jiří

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(2): 82-85

From an economical point of view the neck of femur fractures in elderly patients represent the heaviest financial burden. These fractures are almost always connected to falls. As the life expectancy rises this type of fracture is becoming a major issue. It is necessary to evaluate the risk of falls regularly and in short intervals and pay special attention to recurring falls. Mnemonic questionnaires can be used for this purpose. In the same manner in which falls pose a risk for fractures, sarcopenia and its complications pose a risk for falls. Sarcopenia is now recognized as an independent unit with its own definition and classification code.