Clin Osteol 2025; 30(3): 145-152

Chronic low-grade inflammation and primary osteoporosisReview articles

Jan Štěpán
Revmatologický ústav, Praha

Population aging associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and a wide range of diseases is a global public health problem. One such disease is primary osteoporosis. The quantity and quality of bone mass decreases in all people from the fourth decade. In women, this involutional bone loss can be significantly accelerated in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. A decrease in bone quality and mass is associated with changes in the immune system and the persistence of chronic mild inflammation in the bone, muscle, and intestine. With the aging population, early prevention of osteoporosis and low-traumatic fractures becomes urgent. An effective strategy in the prevention of primary osteoporosis is to alleviate chronic inflammation of a mild degree by modifying the gut microbiota, physical activity, and menopausal hormonal therapy.

Keywords: aging, primary osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, sarcopenia, microbiome.

Published: September 1, 2025  Show citation

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Štěpán J. Chronic low-grade inflammation and primary osteoporosis. Clinical Osteology. 2025;30(3):145-152.
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