Effect of vitamin K on musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal womenReview articles

Rosa Jan, Stančíková Mária

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(1): 5-13

Vitamin K plays an important role not only in blood clotting, but also in the regulation of mineralization of bones and cartilage. It appears that vitamin K needs for musculoskeletal health are higher than currently recommended daily doses that are optimal for vitamin K₁ but suboptimal for vitamin K₂. Epidemiological and observational studies have shown that low vitamin K content in the diet and/or serum is associated with the risk of fracture and osteoarthritis in elderly. However, the randomized controlled intervention trials with vitamin K supplementation in Caucasian population are not convincing regarding the increase in...

Sarcopenia: definition and diagnosing of a new diseaseReview articles

Jenšovský Jiří

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(1): 14-18

Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized impairment of skeletal muscles (muscle failure) associated with an increased risk of harmful incidents such as falls, fractures, physical disability and increased mortality. After 8 years of intensive research the EWGSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) issued new and revised recommendations for definition and diagnosis of this condition. This recommendation includes an algorithm for screening of sarcopenia, defines methods suitable for examination of muscle quality/quantity, muscle strength and physical performance. For the first time, the cut-off points used to determine the diagnosis...

Importance of bone densitometry in cardiovascular risk predictionReview articles

Killinger Zdenko; Čierny Daniel; Brázdilová Kristina; Kužma Martin; Jackuliak Peter; Payer Juraj

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(1): 19-22

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in Slovakia, and therefore early assessment of cardiovascular risk profile for asymptomatic subjects remains one of the major medical problems. Recently, in addition to assessing standard cardiovascular risk factors (CV), attention on to the evaluation of abdominal aortic calcifications is focused. Several studies have shown incidence of aortic calcification as an independent risk factor of developing CV mortality, including ischemic stroke. To quantify aortic calcifications several scoring systems have been developed and many authors have shown that high aortic calcification...

Effect of long-term treatment with growth hormone on bone density and bone qualityReview articles

Kužma Martin; Stojkovičová Dáša; Payer Juraj

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(1): 23-26

Growth hormone (GH) affects bone metabolism directly by binding to GH receptor or indirectly by IGF-1. The anabolic effect of GH is essential for peak bone mass (PBM) and appropriate trabecular bone microarchitecture during adolescence and early adulthood. In short-term studies, the effect of GH replacement on bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) was not observed. BMD increases are only observed in studies longer than 12-24 months. A gradual rise in BMD was then observed even after 5-7 years of GH treatment. At present, it is believed that impaired bone strength and microstructure is more important in fracture development than...

Účinky vitamínu D₃, horčíka a vitamínu C na expresiu osteo-asociovaných miRNA mezenchýmových kmeňových buniek tukového tkanivaReview articles

Sabová Nikola, Samáková Adriana, Pinček Martin, Sprušanský Ondrej, Gažová Andrea, Kyselovič Ján

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(1): 27-35

Variability of osteogenesis imperfecta manifestations depending on gender: case reportCase reports

Štěpán Jakub; Kužma Martin; Killinger Zdenko; Payer Juraj

Clin Osteol 2019; 24(1): 36-41

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare bone dysplasia with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of inheritance. Our case presents two siblings of opposite sex with this disorder whose clinical picture and manifestation of the disease in spite of close relationship are different. The case also points out the results of five year treatment of these individuals with regards to differences between oral and intravenous use of bisphosphonates.