New directions and findings in the concept of renal osteopathyReview articles

I. Sotorník, P. Bubeníček, C. Povýšil

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 75-79

The renal osteopathy (RO) is traditionally sorted by different stages of bone turnover: high turnover, represented by secondary hyperparathyroidism; and low bone turnover, characterized by osteomalatic syndrome and adynamic bone disease; intermediate forms can occur as well. The histomorphologic evaluation ofbone tissue remains the gold standard for diagnosis of RO. New aspects in the field of RO have the follwing implications: 1. The key factor of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism are the calcium sensing receptors localized at the surface of parathyroid and renal tubular cells. 2. The phosphate...

Calcimimetics - new options in the treatment of hyperparathyroidismReview articles

S. Dusilová-Sulková

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 80-86

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the accompanying features of chronic renal failure. Secondary hyperparathyroidism occours due to impaired kidney function (phosphate retention) and decreased renal production of calcitriol. These two principal mechanisms are closely interrelated together with other contributing factors. The parathyroid activity is regulated by mechanisms involving two receptors: nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) and cal­ cium sensing receptor (CaR), which is localised on the cellular surface. During end-stage renal disease these mechanisms are impaired: calcitriol defi­ ciency, impaired sensitivity of CaR to calcium, increase...

Idiopathic hypercalciuria in childhoodReview articles

S. Skálová, S. Kutilek

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 87-93

Hypercalciuria is defined as urinary excretion of calcium exceeding 0.1 mmol/kg/24 hours in the absence of dietary manipulation. Idiopathic hyper­ calciuria (IH) is defined as hypercalciuria that persists after correction of dietary imbalances and has no detectable causes. IH in childhood can be ma­ nifested by hematuria, dysuria, recurrent abdominal pain and enuresis. Patients with IH are at high risk of urolithiasis and osteoporosis. The patho­ genesis of IH has not yet been elucidated, and to date three mechanisms have been proposed: (1) increased intestinal absorption of calcium; (2)defective re-absorption of calcium by the renal tubule; and (3)...

Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with kidney diseases -a problematic method of bone analysisReview articles

J. Feber, L. M. Ward

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 96-99

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been used in adult medicine to diagnose and monitor various types of osteoporosis. It is a very sensitive and accurate method to detect even small losses of bone mineral. Consequently, its use has been extended to pediatric medicine. The manufacturers provided reference values for healthy children in relation to chronological age. However, children with chronic disease often suffer from height retar­ dation and the use ofpre-established reference values in relation to age mayyield falsely low bone density results. Therefore, correction for actual height or bone volume is required for accurate interpretation...

Thanks reviewers for 2005Informations

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 100

Ibandronate - the new bisphosphonate in the treatment of osteoporosis; its position among other bisphosphonates results of clinical trialsNews

V. Vyskočil

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 101-105

In the introduction the author discusses complications of osteoporotic fractures showing that mortality rate of 50-year-old women due to breast cancer is as high as mortality rate due to hip fracture. Osteoporosis, especially in women, is number one cause of hospitalization in the European Union coun­ tries. Very important part of treatment efficacy similar to other chronic conditions is the patient's adherence to the treatment. A crucial contributor to the adherence is an optimum dosage and possibility to extend dosage interval. Ibandronate is a third generation bisphosphonate tested in many trials. A randomized double blind BONE trial in women with...

IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis in TorontoInformations

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 106

Czech national Forum against osteoporosis (ČNFO)News

J. Jeníček

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 107

Look back towards the symposiumInformations

M. Bayer

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 109-110

Information on the session of the SMOS Board held on 14 September 2005 in ZlínInformations

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 111

Information on the session of the SMOS Board held on 9 November 2005 in PragueInformations

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 112

News from around the worldLiterature

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 113-115

Congress announcements 2006Informations

Clin Osteol 2005; 10(4): 116