Clin Osteol 2006; 11(4): 95-101

Nutrition and osteoporosisReview articles

A. Kazda, P. Broulík

Osteoporosis is a severe illness in the civilized society. It causes fractures, the complications of which may result in death. Genetic factors are respon­ sible for 75-80 % of the variants of the bone mass. Physical activity, hormones, total health state and nutrition are among the other factors. Nutrition is able of modulation and therefore, it has a special position in the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis. An always increasing attention is dedicated to the demands for adequate nutrition in relation to osteoporosis during the entire life. Already in young people, malnutrition leads to osteoporosis. For the elderly, the protein-energy malnutrition is typical. With age, the energy demand decreases, but not the demand for proteins. Their proper intake is about 1 g/kg/day and it increases during acute as well as chronic diseases. Elderly people with low intake of proteins and/or protein-energy malnutrition are likely to have decreased mineral bone density. Some special clinics give to the patients - after individual evaluation of their weight, serum albumin and nutritional questionnaire - the nutritional re­ commendation. An educational programme oriented on composition of nutrition + exercise + sun-bath was successful. Many patients with hip fractu­ res suffer during their hospital stay from inadequate intake of protein, energy and other nutritional components, including calcium. Clinical experi­ ments with supplemental nutritional support demonstrate a decrease of morbidity, mortality and shortening of the hospital stay. The paper not only describes the necessity of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D, but also the problems of vitamin K deficiency or the influence of higher NaCl intake on bone health. Some special situations are reviewed, i.e. mental anorexia or long lasting parenteral nutrition in relation to osteoporosis.

Keywords: osteoporosis, hip fractures, malnutrition, vitamin D, calcium, phosphates, nutritional support

Published: December 11, 2006  Show citation

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Kazda A, Broulík P. Nutrition and osteoporosis. Osteologický bulletin. 2006;11(4):95-101.
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